How much do you know about the word ＂culture＂？
In life, we often hear such a dialogue:
A: You have no "culture"!
B: You have no "culture", no "culture", that’s terrible!
This kind of paragraph is often heard in life, but everyone is right.cultureHow much do you know about the word? What exactly is it?have no cultureAnd?
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In Zhouyi Ben, it is written: "Observe astronomy, observe time changes, observe humanity, and turn it into the world."He means that the ruler can understand the changes of current events by observing the astronomical phenomena. By observing various phenomena in human society, we can govern the world by means of education and probation.
In the Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang’s "Shuo Yuan Zhi Wu" said: "All martial arts are thriving, because they are not satisfied, and the culture does not change, and then they are punished." Culture here is a concept opposite to the military means of the country, that is, the means of cultural and educational governance of the country.
In a word, China’s ancient culture refers to the narrow spiritual level, namely.The culture of human society mainly refers to the things that belong to the superstructure, such as literature, art, etiquette and customs.
The word western culture comes from Latin culture, which meansFarming, living, practicing, paying attention, cultivating, planting, etc.Later, he meant to cultivate people’s temperament and moral character. This includes two fields: material production and spiritual production.
Compared with China, the meaning of ancient western culture is more extensive.
In addition, British culturist Taylor defined culture in Primitive Culture in 1871 as follows:Including knowledge, belief, art, morality, legal customs and the abilities and habits acquired by anyone as a member of society.
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In modern culture, the word is generalized again, and Marxist theorists divide culture into broad sense and narrow sense.
Culture in a broad sense refers toThe sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth created by human beings in the process of social and historical practice.
And the narrow sense of culture refers toThe sum total of social and spiritual life forms that occurred and developed on the basis of certain material materials and modes of production in history.
1. The core of culture is people.
We generally divide culture into four levels: material state culture, system culture, behavior culture and mentality culture.
The material state culture layer refers to the sum of people’s material production activities and their products.It is a tangible thing, such as people’s food, clothing, housing and transportation.
Institutional culture layer,Refers to the norms that people establish in social practice to regulate their own behavior and regulate their mutual relations.
Behavioral culture layer,Refers to the established habits and customs in long-term social interaction. It is a kind of social collective behavior, and it is not changed at will according to individual will.
Mentality and culture,It refers to people’s social psychology and social ideology, including people’s values, aesthetic taste thinking mode and the resulting literary and artistic creation.
Among these four kinds, the cultural layer of mentality is the core part of culture.It is also the essence of culture.
2. The external characteristics of culture.
The external characteristics of China culture are as followsUnity, continuity, inclusiveness and diversity.
The inherent characteristics of China culture include Feng Youlan’s philosophical characteristics, Ren Jiyu’s religious characteristics, Li Zehou’s aesthetic characteristics and Liang Shuming’s ethical characteristics.
There is still a lot of little knowledge about culture, so we should never say: you have no culture as soon as we go out. This is easy to make a joke!
I like to pay attention!